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Most non-neoplastic lesions of the pancreas (RV) can be attributed to a form of pancreatitis. The result of the development of all forms of the disease are in various degrees progressive atrophy of glandular tissue, fibrosis and replacement of connective tissue cellular elements of the parenchyma of the pancreas.

Acute and chronic pancreatitis (AP and CP) are often brand viagra treated as two separate diseases. In most cases, however, correct to speak of a single phase of inflammatory-degenerative processes in the pancreas, when exacerbation of the destruction of gland tissue alternate with periods of relative prosperity. Thus, CPs can be considered as a continuation and outcome of the OP, and his sharp attacks - as episodes of chronic pancreatic lesions.

CP without pain attacks, but with a pronounced foreign and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency is based on increasing sclerosis of tissues due to primary metabolic disorders. In a number of diseases and syndromes (viral hepatitis, ulcerative colitis, hemochromatosis, infectious mononucleosis, etc.) may experience changes in sclerotic tissue pancreas without clinical signs of pancreatitis. Thus, recurrent pancreatitis - an important but not the only form of the disease.

Most of the etiological factors of AP and CP are common or similar.

Etiologies of acute pancreatitis are:

• mechanical blockade of the ampoule Father (gallstones papillostenoz, pancreas divisum, duodenal diverticula);

• Toxic and metabolic factors (alcohol, hypertriglyceridemia (endogenous and exogenous), hypercalcemia (hyperparathyroidism on the soil or exogenous), drugs);

• infection (viruses - mumps, adenovirus, Coxsackie, mycoplasmosis, worm infestation (ascariasis);

• ischemia (circulatory shock (for example, heart surgery), vasculitis, embolism, hypoproteinemia, malignant hypertension);

• tumors (primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer);

• pregnancy;

• Other diseases (Crohn's disease with localization in the duodenum (DC), gastric ulcer penetrating, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, intermittent porphyria, thrombocytopenic purpura).

Etiological factors of chronic pancreatitis: alcohol, giperglitseridemiya, hypercalcemia, congenital pancreatitis, hemochromatosis, annular pancreas, biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis.

Hole-and choledocholithiasis approximately half of the patients is the cause of the OP and CP due to reflux of bile into the pancreatic duct obstruction in ampoules Vater.

According to the theory of two-phase "persistent choledocholithiasis [1] in the first phase of the smaller stones cause spasm of Oddi's sphincter and reflux of bile viagra the main causes of impotence ducts in the pancreas, leading to swelling of the latter, the second phase of larger stones block the flow of activated pancreatic secretions, which can cause the development of pancreatic necrosis.

Secondary holangiogenny pancreatitis is recurrent episodes of character with the development of OP, in the chronic stage of gross anatomical changes in the pancreas and its functional disorders occur less frequently.

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